Explain how data can be represented using bits.
DAT-1.A.1 Data values can be stored in variables, lists of items, or standalone constants and can be passed as input to (or output from) procedures.
DAT-1.A.2 Computing devices represent data digitally, meaning that the lowest-level components of any value are bits.
DAT-1.A.3 Bit is shorthand for binary digit and is either 0 or 1.
DAT-1.A.4 A byte is 8 bits.
DAT-1.A.5 Abstraction is the process of reducing complexity by focusing on the main idea. By hiding details irrelevant to the question at hand and bringing together related and useful details, abstraction reduces complexity and allows one to focus on the idea.
DAT-1.A.6 Bits are grouped to represent abstractions. These abstractions include, but are not limited to, numbers, characters, and color.
DAT-1.A.7 The same sequence of bits may represent different types of data in different contexts.
DAT-1.A.8 Analog data have values that change smoothly, rather than in discrete intervals, over time. Some examples of analog data include pitch and volume of music, colors of a painting, or position of a sprinter during a race.
DAT-1.A.9 The use of digital data to approximate real-world analog data is an example of abstraction.
DAT-1.A.10 Analog data can be closely approximated digitally using a sampling technique, which means measuring values of the analog signal at regular intervals called samples. The samples are measured to figure out the exact bits required to store each sample.